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2015 Federal TrialtranscripttranscriptWitness and Exhibit Disclosures, Cahill Ballistics Reliability, and Clothing Exhibit Arrangements - Day 35 - 2015 Federal TrialThe court allowed a defense reliability inquiry into David Cahill’s anticipated ballistics opinions but denied a delay in his testimony.
Aloke ChakravartyNadine PellegriniWilliam D. WeinrebDavid I. BruckJudy ClarkeMiriam ConradTimothy G. WatkinsGeorge A. O'Toole Jr.Court ClerkTHE COURTMS. CONRADMR. WATKINSMR. WEINREBMR. CHAKRAVARTYMS. CLARKEMR. BRUCKMS. PELLEGRINIprocedural
2015 Federal Trial/Day 35/March 18, 2015
9 pages·7 witnesses·2,727 lines
Forensic witnesses described Watertown evidence recovery, vehicle damage, fingerprint findings, and blood testing. Jennifer Montgomery reported DNA matches to Sean Collier on glove samples and to Dzhokhar Tsarnaev on eight sweatshirt samples, with limits on mixed profiles and unsampled areas.
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Witness and Exhibit Disclosure Disputes
ProceduralProc.Witness and Exhibit Disclosure Disputes

P R O C E E D I N G S

COURT CLERK: Good morning.

THE COURT: All right? Who wants to begin?

MS. CONRAD: I'm sorry. Go ahead.

MR. WATKINS: Judge, I think we're still in a little bit of bedlam here. We do not have a list of witnesses out to the end of trial. We have expected witnesses, but there seem to be more that are being added, unless the government is here to say that what we were supplied last night is out to the end of trial.

We didn't get the list until I think 5:45 or so, and then we got an updated list about today's witnesses with exhibit numbers. So we got quite the late start on all this.

Ms. Conrad's about to correct me.

MS. CONRAD: We did not get exhibit numbers for all the witnesses, even on the 648. I got the list we were sent. There's a significant number with no exhibit numbers on them. The list that we got last night at 6, whatever, p.m. included Azamat -- I'm going to mess up the last name so I'm not even going to try it.

And as I mentioned yesterday, we were not informed that Azamat was even testifying this week until yesterday morning. He is a significant witness with a large number of prior statements, as well as prior trial testimony, which I've feverishly been trying to review since we got out of court yesterday.

But the government didn't even give us the exhibit numbers for him until after 8 p.m. last night. And then -- and I had mentioned this yesterday -- as with all the other witnesses, they just gave us numbers. These numbers, unless we have the load file, are not matched up to anything in our possession. So we have an exhibit list that might just have descriptors, but out of hundreds of thousands of documents we don't know how to match those up.

We have received a load file through something like Exhibit 400. We're well past that now. We understand an exhibit load file has been prepared for us. It has not yet been given to us. Last night, after I received at 8:09 p.m. from Mr. Chakravarty the exhibit numbers for Mr. Azamat --

MR. WEINREB: Tazhayakov.

MS. CONRAD: -- I inquired after spending about 20 minutes searching to see what these exhibits were, what a certain number was and said we didn't have it, and he responded "Oh, that's a set of headphones." Well, it would have been helpful to know that before I spent 20 minutes searching through thousands of documents for this exhibit number. I mean, this is just not helpful, it's not what the government promised yesterday, it's not what the government said they would do when we left and broke early yesterday. And from a purely selfish point of view, it is not sufficient for me to prepare Azamat's cross-examination for today.

On top of that, as far as Azamat is concerned, the government provided -- some of the exhibits are -- a couple of them are charts of text messages. We don't have the underlying data except in the form of an unextracted view of his cell phone. So now -- I mean, I just cannot, between yesterday at one o'clock and this morning, or whenever Azamat's going to testify, have someone try to extract that data and match it up to these text messages.

So I know I sort of derailed Mr. Watkins, but I just want to illustrate the seriousness of this issue. I mean, we have been asking all along for something that -- I'm sorry. The Court ordered two weeks in advance witnesses with exhibits. To get something like this at 6 p.m. at night for the next day is just not sufficient for us to adequately prepare.

MR. WEINREB: So, your Honor, in the normal case the government provides -- both parties provide each other a witness list and an exhibit list. Normally the exhibits are not matched to particular witnesses. That's just something that the defense learns as they go along.

We have no problem, you know, abiding by the Court's order to give them a list that actually matches up particular exhibits to witnesses, but it's something that we ourselves don't make a call on until a day or two before we call somebody. That's, you know, a realistic feature of trial preparation, especially in a case going this fast. We bring witnesses in for prep, you know, a day or two before they testify and we start showing them things and going over things with them and sometimes we toss this out, sometimes we realize we need to add this. It's just not possible to do what they're asking this far in advance. And we're doing our best. I mean, we are giving it to them as soon as we, ourselves, have it compiled and can give it to them.

With respect to the witness list to the end of the trial, I think the Court said -- you know, that we agreed to do that. And as the Court said, you know, there are always going to be sort of last-minute calls that you make, adding a witness, subtracting a witness, but it should be 90 percent complete, and it is. As far as I know, the witness list we gave is essentially a 90-percent accurate list of the witnesses to the end of the guilt phase.

We don't yet have all the exhibits matched up to particular witnesses, but 95 percent of the exhibits that will be offered through those witnesses were on our exhibit list and the defense has had it for weeks and weeks, if not months, because we produced it at the end of December.

This business of the optical load file that has the images or the copies of the exhibits with the numbers attached, I never heard that phrase before yesterday. I'm sure somebody else has in the government. But as soon as we were asked for one, I inquired, and one was made and given to the defense. So -- one was made. Maybe it hasn't been handed over.

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: There was an earlier one, but there's an updated version which I think is what you're asking for.

THE COURT: What is it?

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: It's a load file. It's our copy of our -- the data in our Sanction database that we use to project the images of the exhibits onto the court -- so that they would have an exact duplicate of what we have. So they have one from two weeks ago.

MR. WEINREB: I think there's another way of viewing this whole thing, which is that we're being asked to do a lot more in this case than the government normally does in a normal case. Normally we don't give the defense our own optical -- you know, our own data presentation software for them to use. That's their job to come up with their presentation for their exhibits.

And, you know, the defense is allowed to look at the exhibits. Oftentimes they come to our office and look at them, and that's the exposure they get. And very commonly it happens a few days before trial.

We don't have a quarrel with what we're being asked to do substantively, it's just the speed which we could possibly get it done accurately. You know, if we give them something that's inaccurate, then they complain that it was inaccurate.

Yesterday we took the time, we did it for the number of witnesses who we knew would be called today. These happen to be very exhibit-intensive witnesses, so it's a little different from how it might be with respect to, let's say, civilians who just have a few witnesses [sic]. But to a large -- to a large degree the exhibits on the list today are photographs of things that were collected in various places. There's just not much controversial about them, and the photographs certainly were produced, you know, a year ago.

THE COURT: What's today like? What do you --

MR. WEINREB: So today is almost entirely going to be forensic evidence about the -- I'm sorry -- testimony about the forensic collection of evidence at the Watertown crime scene. There will be the collection of explosives evidence at the crime scene, ballistics evidence at the crime scene, some blood evidence, and then testimony from a fingerprint expert, DNA expert, just to talk about the Collier blood, and --

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: Those are the main.

THE COURT: Tazhayakov?

MR. WEINREB: Tazhayakov we did not bring in today.

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: He is here today but we probably won't get to him.

Just let me say on the record on Tazhayakov, not only has the defense known that he is a cooperator who has already testified in another case and is likely to testify in this case -- this is for purposes of the record, to mute some of the surprise expressed by the defense. The exhibits that he would be testifying to are things like his plea agreement, text messages from his telephone which are clearly marked in the exhibit list. The exhibit which Miss Conrad asked about yesterday, it's clearly marked in the exhibit list, described what it is. The exhibits that he will be talking about are bunched together on the exhibit list so it's clear that -- photos from his residence and from the backpack that was disposed of are all in sequence. So there is absolutely no risk of surprise when at least four months ago this information was made available, and frankly, it was probably more intuitive --

THE COURT: I'm interested in the near horizon.

MS. CONRAD: Can I -- there is an issue. If he's coming in tomorrow, I still have a discovery issue on him, but we could save that.

This business about the -- one thing I neglected to say, some of the exhibits that were listed on this list we were sent last night, we didn't even have those. We were sent those after we got the list.

MR. WEINREB: Right, because they didn't exist until minutes before we sent them --

MS. CONRAD: Well, you know, your Honor, I mean, I'm not trying to dump on the government. I'm really not. We have been moving at a pace much faster than we anticipated and that has placed a burden on the government as well as a burden on us.

And, you know, I certainly agree with Mr. Chakravarty that we knew Azamat was going to testify but, unfortunately, I'm not preparing my cross-examination and -- my witness examination, you know, a week in advance. I'm looking at who's coming up next for that week.

But if -- you know, the government legitimately asked for time off yesterday to try and pull things together so that we could get more organized. With respect to this point about "We don't usually give them our load file," well, usually you provide premarked exhibits, and this is the equivalent of a premarked exhibit. But if the government is having trouble putting this together in a fashion that they can give us enough notice that we can adequately prepare to effectively represent our client, then maybe we need to take a day or two off to allow them the time to catch their breath and give them [sic] what they promised yesterday they would give us.

THE COURT: Well, we'll have a day or two in the next -- after tomorrow. So I'm -- that's when I say "the short horizon." I'm interested in today and tomorrow. And then -- so, now, for the rest of the trial, whatever the phrase was, that's a week plus a day or two? Is that what you think now? I mean, what --

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: We still think by the end of next week we should be done.

THE COURT: All right. So, again, give or take --

MR. WEINREB: Give or take.

THE COURT: -- next week, maybe into the beginning of the following week, maybe not?

THE COURT: Okay. So over the weekend all of what we've been talking about, the matching up of exhibits as well as, as best you can, with expected witnesses can be provided before the start of the week?

MR. WEINREB: Yeah. We will provide -- as soon as we actually have the list we will provide it to the defense. And we'll provide it to them progressively so they're not sitting around all weekend waiting for it. That's typically how we do it. Witnesses come in, we prep them, we actually go through the exhibits and then we put our list together. We're willing to email it off as soon as we have it. So they'll have it literally as soon as we have it.

I mean, we all had access to the exhibits. The only thing we're talking about here is information about which ones the government has selected to offer through which witness.

THE COURT: Okay. Is there any expert testimony today and tomorrow?

MR. WEINREB: Patrick Moynihan is an fingerprint expert. I don't think there was any Daubert motion with respect to him. Jen Montgomery is a DNA expert. That's been resolved. There's nothing left pending. Chris --

MR. WATKINS: May I just interrupt there? On Ms. Montgomery, there is an issue that I want to flag for the Court. In Mr. Weinreb's opening he talked about DNA on a set of keys within the Civic. That was not noticed as part of their Rule 16 disclosure back in December so we will object to that. We were given no notice of that particular part on Ms. Montgomery's testimony. The gloves will not be an issue. That will not be anything. But the --

THE COURT: The keys aren't in her report?

MR. WATKINS: Pardon me?

THE COURT: The keys are not mentioned in her report?

MR. WATKINS: They're mentioned in her report; they are not mentioned in the government's Rule 16 disclosure last September.

MR. WEINREB: So the DNA test was done after that and then we supplemented it.

MR. WATKINS: That's incorrect. It was in August and there was no supplement.

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: There was a supplement to the report that she would testify.

MS. CONRAD: Can we be provided with a copy of that because we've been told before that we've been provided with things that we haven't been provided with.

MR. WEINREB: They've had the report of the DNA results since the day we had it.

THE COURT: I understand the issue and it will have to be resolved.

MR. WEINREB: Chris Donohue is another fingerprint expert. No issues with respect to him --

MS. CLARKE: Is he on today?

MR. WEINREB: No. Well, it depends how fast we go, but I don't think so. He's on-call to come in. That's it.

MS. CONRAD: Can I just note I don't think he was even on this list that we were sent last night.

MR. WEINREB: Yeah, because we don't expect to reach him.

MS. CONRAD: But this was supposed to be through the end of trial.

MR. WEINREB: I don't know why he's not on that list but I mentioned him to you yesterday right after court. You asked me about him and I told you.

MR. WATKINS: Again, many of these things are not surprises. You're quite right, the exhibits may not be surprises. The reason -- historically, of course, the Court remembers a tremendous amount of discovery, lots of exhibits in this case, so it's not the usual case here. And the government resisted our motions for a continuance regularly saying they were going to be ready for trial here, and that does include notification of which exhibits go with which witnesses. And that's why we are in this position that we are. We're moving so very quickly that it's now less than 24 hours' notice that we're getting of witnesses and exhibits. I'm sorry. I'm taking Mr. Weinreb off of this.

MR. WEINREB: I disagree with what "ready for trial" means but we don't need to debate it. I don't believe there are any other experts.

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: Tomorrow the computer expert, Kevin Swindon, who is going to be introducing a variety of the computer evidence that was --

THE COURT: From various computers?

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: Various computers that were found --

THE COURT: So he will be a while, I would think.

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: I think so, just to mechanically go through them. He's not going to do a deep dive into each of them, but there were probably a dozen computers -- devices that were talked about.

One of the issues with that is he kind of has a hard date tomorrow because on Monday we have a terrorism expert coming in.

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: Matt Levitt.

MR. BRUCK: That's Monday?

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: Monday. And he has --

THE COURT: Who are you going to call on terrorism experts? Because there's a motion about them, right?

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: Right. Just Matt Levitt for liability, and we'll see how the penalty phase plays out.

THE COURT: All right.

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: He's going to be a relatively narrow witness but we have to get him on and off Monday. He's flying back to Europe Monday evening. So in light of the fact that some of the material he's going to be talking about, like Inspire magazine and other things that were found on the defendant's computer, Swindon has to testify on Thursday.

So if some of the locations -- we haven't presented the search witnesses for some of those locations -- for example, the landfill had a thumb drive in it -- we would ask that Swindon be able to testify de bene to the fact that he processed the -- that he extracted data from that thumb drive and put it on a CD. And you will have a series of CDs that we will be moving into evidence, and we'll later call the CD person.

MS. CONRAD: So tomorrow is just Swindon or is Azamat tomorrow?

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: Azamat was scheduled for today.

MS. CONRAD: I know that.

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: We'll see how things play out today. Swindon has to get on tomorrow. Azamat does not have to get on.

MS. CONRAD: Okay. Can I ask my discovery question about Azamat now? Is that appropriate?

THE COURT: Why don't you talk about it and see if you can resolve it?

MS. CONRAD: Well, I've made an inquiry and I haven't gotten a response back. We have a good couple of issues about --

ProceduralProc.Cahill Ballistics Testimony: Reliability Inquiry and Denial of Delay

MR. WATKINS: I'm interested to hear which other experts, for example, Cahill there is a motion in limine.

MR. WEINREB: I'm sorry. Cahill?

MR. WEINREB: David Cahill is a ballistics expert. He's going to testify that the Ruger casings and slugs that were recovered at MIT and at Watertown matched the Ruger.

MR. WATKINS: And that was the subject of a motion in limine where there's not yet been a ruling.

(Pause.)

THE COURT: I think my reaction when I read the papers just a little bit ago was that it will depend on the foundation that he establishes. I mean, the question as I understood it was the reliability of the science of matching -- I forget the terms that he used, but striata or something.

MR. WEINREB: Striata, deformities.

THE COURT: Right. Frankly, it appeared to me to be likely admissible, but I would hear the -- and if it was necessary to have a voir dire, we could do that. That was my reaction.

MR. WATKINS: We've requested a voir dire before that evidence comes in.

THE COURT: All right. We can do that.

MR. WEINREB: That's fine.

MR. WATKINS: And so that would be today also, do you anticipate?

MR. WEINREB: That will likely be today. That will be today.

MR. WATKINS: Your Honor --

MS. CLARKE: There are a couple of other -- yeah.

MR. WATKINS: I would say I'm not prepared for that particular aspect of the trial. Again, most of these witnesses, as the Court has seen, are my witnesses going forward here. Had I known that there was going to be a voir dire on the reliability today, I would have turned my focus to that particular issue. I have not done so because I'm concentrating, and was concentrating all last night, on the exhibits that the government was able to identify with particular witnesses, but not until yesterday.

So I would ask that we put the voir dire and Trooper Cahill off to a different time so I'd be able to prepare for that aspect of the case, which I did not know was going to happen today.

MR. WEINREB: Your Honor, I'd object to that. We are -- because of the rapidity with which the trial has moved, we're doing a lot of people's schedules. People absolutely have to get on at certain points or the trial is going to be over before they have an opportunity to testify.

Ballistics matching is something that has been going on in courtrooms for decades. The issue was briefed months and months and months ago. It's something that I don't think -- it's not a -- it doesn't involve complicated science. You match ballistics by taking pictures of a test fire and looking at pictures of actual things and see if you can match them up. I don't believe that this expert in particular is one who warrants being put off someplace completely out of order for this kind of voir dire, this kind of routine.

THE COURT: How long will he be?

MR. WEINREB: As a witness?

MR. CHAKRAVARTY: Maybe an hour.

MR. WEINREB: An hour? I know it's tough to say but -- yeah, he collected all of the ballistics evidence, so without him none of it is going to come into evidence. We have people here who, you know, diagrammed where it was and so on. And he's sort of an essential piece of the puzzle.

So he collected every single piece of ballistics evidence, both at MIT and in Watertown, and can say where it all was when he collected it, and he then did the test fires, compared it. He can say that the Tsarnaev brothers -- he can say that none of the other officers were firing a Ruger. I mean, there are a lot of very important things that he needs to say that have nothing to do with his expertise, but we need his expertise as well.

MS. CONRAD: May I suggest that perhaps, then, his testimony could be bifurcated?

MR. WEINREB: That would make no sense. Again, it's going to confuse the jury more than it's going to help them. Again, we're not talking about DNA mixtures or something complicated here.

THE COURT: Yeah, I frankly don't think that -- I'll give you the chance at the voir dire, but I frankly don't think that it's going to alter the likelihood of his testifying to an opinion. So I think we can go forward with it.

MR. WATKINS: May I just ask a question because this brings up something new? I did not understand Trooper Cahill to be testifying to actually picking things up. None of the exhibits seem to be tied to those particular picking up. What we have are pictures of the -- right. The comparison pictures. The exhibits, as far as picking things up, are not tied to him.

THE COURT: All right.

MR. WATKINS: I thought it was a complete --

THE COURT: You had something else?

ProceduralProc.Witness Notice and Clothing Exhibit Arrangements

MS. CLARKE: I had just a couple --

Did you want to raise them, though?

Just a couple of things. There's a Kelley King on the witness list, your Honor, that I don't think was on the statutorily required list production and we have no exhibits and no idea what Kelley King is on the list for. And then there's a Christopher Derks that we've been advised will be putting on items seized at Norfolk. And as you might imagine, there were lots of items seized at Norfolk, and we really would need to know what the government is putting in to see if there's a completion picture that we need to put in. So we're concerned about that because we've got no exhibits on it. And so --

MS. PELLEGRINI: Actually, I think Norfolk is on the 2D. So the exhibits that are listed there --

MS. CONRAD: There are no exhibits listed.

MS. CONRAD: What we got yesterday did not list any exhibits for Derks.

MS. PELLEGRINI: But it might have said the 2D, because the exhibits are listed there as well as pictures.

THE COURT: How about the first one?

MR. WEINREB: Kelley King did two things: She collected the white gloves from the Honda and put them in an evidence bag. I mean, other people saw her do it, so she's not actually essential for that purpose. And she also swabbed the keys for a sample of blood. Again, I suppose she's not essential for that purpose because it was -- other people witnessed enough of it that -- so. But she's a minor witness. So she'll be on and off the stand, from our perspective, in ten minutes. I don't think there's anything controversial about her testimony.

MR. WATKINS: One more lingering issue from yesterday. There was the issue about the sweatshirt and the jacket coming in. We had conversations afterwards about how to sort through that immediately rather than putting us on.

I was under the impression that the jacket and the sweatshirt would be here today to be introduced through -- actually, at least one witness with personal knowledge that was at the hospital that got our guy's sweatshirt, Dzhokhar's sweatshirt, and that another witness would be able to testify to the jacket coming in to the Massachusetts State Police.

We do not have those physical items today. The government has them obviously, but they are not here today, which leaves me in a difficult position of how to introduce what we need to introduce without the physical item here.

We talked about pictures. The only picture I can get my hands on right away is the one that's in evidence with him climbing out of the boat with his hands up. So I would propose that I could put that in through the witness D.J. Fife, who is the one who collected it from the hospital. He would then be able to identify that sweatshirt as the one that he picked up, and then we're on our way, as far as if that is agreeable to the government.

MR. WEINREB: So pictures of the items of the defendant's clothing that were seized in the hospital room were produced in discovery. I have them upstairs. I'm perfectly willing to get Mr. Watkins what he needs. And in addition, we won't object to the actual clothing coming in later, essentially by stipulation. We don't have to actually read a stipulation to the jury; we just won't object. The only thing is that I would need a minute to go up there and find it and print it out for him, but I'm certainly willing to do that.

As for Tamerlan Tsarnaev's jacket, I assume we have a picture of that that I could lay my hands on and I'm willing to do that. Alternatively, we could just agree that it will just come in later on somehow and make it clear to the jury that it's coming, but it's Tamerlan Tsarnaev's jacket. It's biohazard evidence, which is why we don't keep it here, just like we don't keep the ballistics here and other stuff here. It's kept in a special place. But we can have it brought in.

MS. PELLEGRINI: I don't think it can be opened.

MR. WEINREB: Yeah, I don't think it can be opened, but at least we could say it and there would be a picture of it.

MR. WATKINS: The difficulty in it coming in later, of course, is that we're about to move away from the Watertown scene, which is where temporarily these things came in.

THE COURT: Well, will a picture do? This is light or dark, isn't it? Isn't that the issue?

MR. WATKINS: Yes. And that's why actually having it physically in the courtroom is --

THE COURT: Well, it depends on how good the picture is, I guess.

MR. WATKINS: And if I had known -- again, this is the pace we're moving at.

THE COURT: Or perhaps a stipulation that it was a dark jacket.

MR. WEINREB: I think we could have it brought over during lunchtime. I mean, it's in Boston. It's probably over at the JFK. So I'll ask one of the agents to get it and bring it.

MR. WATKINS: I suspect the witness will be off the stand by that point.

MR. WEINREB: I mean, we could do it.

MS. CONRAD: How about the morning recess?

THE COURT: Well, whatever.

MS. CONRAD: May I raise --

THE COURT: Wait a minute. I want to --

Continue to next page2.Nasheed CD Objection, King Witness-Notice Ruling, and Exhibit Access