Russia
Tamerlan Tsarnaev traveled to Russia in 2012, a trip the defense characterized as an attempt to join jihadi insurgents. Reports read by Sonya Petri described Russian allegations about his planned travel, an FBI assessment closed after finding no terrorism nexus, and his subsequent trip without additional investigative steps. The defense argued that the parents' return to Russia left Dzhokhar dependent on Tamerlan, while the prosecution emphasized Dzhokhar's separate college life and limited contact with his brother.
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Russia figured in competing accounts of Tamerlan's radicalization and influence over Dzhokhar. Two jurors found the mitigating factor that the parents' return to Russia in 2012 made Tamerlan the dominant adult in Dzhokhar's life.